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          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>Comparing verbal and non-verbal personality scales: Investigating the reliability and validity, the influence of social desirability, and the effects of fake good instructions.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="15586">
              <text>Manfred Amelang</text>
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              <text>Andreas Schäfer</text>
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              <text>Safir Yousfi</text>
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              <text>2002</text>
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              <text>Comparing verbal and non-verbal personality scales: Investigating the reliability and validity, the influence of social desirability, and the effects of fake good instructions.</text>
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              <text>Manfred Amelang</text>
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              <text>Andreas Schäfer</text>
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              <text>Safir Yousfi</text>
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          <name>Volume</name>
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              <text>44</text>
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              <text>1</text>
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              <text>24-41</text>
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              <text>Psychologische Beitrage</text>
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          <name>ISSN</name>
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              <text>0033-3018(Print)</text>
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              <text>2002</text>
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              <text>Investigated the fakeability of verbal and nonverbal personality questionnaires. 190 adult Ss completed scales from the Personality Research Form (PRF, D. N. Jackson, 1967), the matching scales from the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (NPQ, S. V. Paunonen et al, 1990) and a social desirability scale in 2 sections. At 1st contact all Ss responded to standard instructions. At 2nd contact, the condition for half of the Ss was an imagined job application (fake good treatment), the other half received standard instructions again (control). The nonverbal scales correlated less highly with criterial peer ratings and social desirability than the verbal questionnaires, but the differences were rather small. Under the faking condition, however, the NPQ and PRF scores were affected almost to the same extent. The validity of both scales was more or less evenly impaired, but reached coefficients above .40 even under the fake good condition. This implies that within the context of research conditions personality questionnaires may retain their (limited) peer-rating based validity despite faking effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)</text>
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