<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="932" public="1" featured="1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.grafoteca.com/biblioteca/items/show/932?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-10-10T06:34:13+02:00">
  <collection collectionId="8">
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="8">
                <text>Articoli , Atti e Riviste</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </collection>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14684">
              <text>Forensic study on the effect of age and illness (Parkinsonism) on handwriting characteristics</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="51">
          <name>Type</name>
          <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14685">
              <text>Journal Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14686">
              <text>Komal Saini&#13;
Manpreet Kaur</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="40">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14688">
              <text>2019</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="44">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description>A language of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14689">
              <text>English</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="22116">
              <text>Studio forense sugli effetti dell’età e del morbo di Parkinson sulle caratteristiche della scrittura</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="45">
          <name>Publisher</name>
          <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="22117">
              <text>Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences, SpringerOpen</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="47">
          <name>Rights</name>
          <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="22118">
              <text>Licenza Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="46">
          <name>Relation</name>
          <description>A related resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="22119">
              <text>Consultabile online&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9.pdf"&gt;https://ejfs.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9.pdf&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
    <elementSet elementSetId="4">
      <name>Zotero</name>
      <description/>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="178">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14690">
              <text>Forensic study on the effect of age and illness (Parkinsonism) on handwriting characteristics</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="81">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14691">
              <text>Journal Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Author</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14692">
              <text>Komal Saini</text>
            </elementText>
            <elementText elementTextId="14693">
              <text>Manpreet Kaur</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="180">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14694">
              <text>https://ejfs.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="183">
          <name>Volume</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14695">
              <text>9</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="128">
          <name>Issue</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14696">
              <text>1</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="147">
          <name>Pages</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14697">
              <text>24</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="157">
          <name>Publication Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14698">
              <text>Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="85">
          <name>ISSN</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14699">
              <text>2090-5939</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="110">
          <name>Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14700">
              <text>12/2019</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="131">
          <name>Journal Abbreviation</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14701">
              <text>Egypt J Forensic Sci</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="83">
          <name>DOI</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14702">
              <text>10.1186/s41935-019-0131-9</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="87">
          <name>Access Date</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14703">
              <text>2020-06-09 07:20:44</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="137">
          <name>Library Catalog</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14704">
              <text>DOI.org (Crossref)</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="133">
          <name>Language</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14705">
              <text>English</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="86">
          <name>Abstract Note</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14706">
              <text>Background: Handwriting is a neuromuscular task. Old age and illness may produce significant deteriorating effects on the quality of handwriting/signatures of an individual. In some cases, the affected writings may be suspected of being forged due to poor line quality of handwriting. Important documents such as wills, receipts, agreements, contracts, notes, and drafts involve handwritten contents that are often questioned to prove their identity and genuineness. The document examiners may face difficulty to get an adequate number of contemporary standard samples while handling questioned handwriting samples of old age persons and Parkinsonism patients. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative and statistical study to analyze the changes in various handwriting features due to old age and Parkinsonism.&#13;
Methodology: Handwriting samples from 50 healthy old age persons and 25 individuals suffering from Parkinsonism were collected with their consent. Handwriting features such as line quality defects (tremors, retouchings, and pen lifts), letter formations, abbreviation/simplification of letters or their parts, nature of initial and terminal strokes, nature of connecting strokes, writing speed, overall size, and alignment were analyzed qualitatively and statistically through paired t test using SPSS software.&#13;
Results: According to results, marked variations were evident in most of the handwriting features in case of old age persons and in case of individuals suffering from Parkinsonism. Two features, namely retouchings and alignment, were least affected in the handwritings of patients suffering from Parkinsonism.&#13;
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, old age and illness affect the handwriting of an individual in a considerable manner. Marked deterioration in the quality of handwriting/signatures can be observed in case of old age persons and in individuals suffering from Parkinsonism, which makes their writing appear different altogether as compared to their corresponding normal writing. The document examiner must be aware of this fact while examining such cases.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="186">
          <name>Attachment Title</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="14707">
              <text>Full text</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
  <tagContainer>
    <tag tagId="999">
      <name>grafologia medica</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="1126">
      <name>invecchiamento e scrittura</name>
    </tag>
    <tag tagId="1125">
      <name>morbo di Parkinson e scrittura</name>
    </tag>
  </tagContainer>
</item>
